Description

Zoanthids and Palythoas are colorful, hardy soft corals popular in reef aquariums. Though they look similar and require similar care, they belong to different genera: Zoanthus and Palythoa, respectively. Here’s a detailed description and care guide for both:

🔹 Description

Zoanthids (Zoanthus spp.)

• Appearance: Small, button-like polyps in colonies; vivid colors and patterns (e.g., reds, blues, purples, greens).

• Size: Polyps usually 0.5–1 cm in diameter.

• Texture: Smooth or slightly textured; no visible coenenchyme (connecting tissue).

• Growth: Spreads by encrusting over rock or substrate; forms mats or carpets.

• Nickname: Often called “zoas” in the reefing hobby.

Palythoas (Palythoa spp.)

• Appearance: Larger polyps, often with visible oral grooves; also brightly colored but sometimes duller than zoas.

• Size: Polyps 1–2.5 cm+; larger than zoas.

• Texture: Thicker, with visible mat or tissue connecting polyps.

• Growth: Can grow rapidly and overtake rocks; more aggressive than zoas.

🔹 Care Requirements

⚠️ Caution: Palytoxin

Both zoanthids and palythoas can contain palytoxin, a potent toxin dangerous to humans if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through open wounds. Palythoas are generally considered to contain higher levels.

Safety Tips:

• Always wear gloves and eye protection when handling.

• Do not frag or scrub them outside of water or under hot lights.

• Avoid boiling rocks that may have had palys/zoas on them (can aerosolize the toxin).

• Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

🔹 Tips for Success

• Dip all new frags (e.g., in CoralRX or iodine) to prevent pests like nudibranchs or zoa-eating spiders.

• Avoid sudden lighting changes – acclimate new additions slowly.

• Monitor for pests or signs of stress (e.g., closed polyps, melting).

• Provide stable parameters and low nutrient levels for best coloration.